What is Migraine?
Migraine is a type of headache that can cause severe pain. Often, the pain is on one side of the head. Many people also feel sick or sensitive to light and sound. Migraines are different from regular headaches. They can last for hours or even days. According to the World Health Organization, migraine is one of the most common health problems worldwide. Because of this, it is important to know the signs and how to manage them.
Common Symptoms of Migraine
Migraine symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people notice a few common signs. Early signs may appear before the headache starts. These are called warning symptoms or aura. For example, you may see flashing lights or feel tingling in your hands. During a migraine attack, you may notice:
Sometimes, symptoms last for a few hours. Other times, they can last up to three days. After the headache, you may feel tired or confused for a short time.
Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors are not sure what causes migraine. However, changes in the brain and genetics may play a role. Certain triggers can also start a migraine attack. For instance, stress or changes in sleep can be triggers. Here are some common risk factors and triggers:
Because triggers are different for everyone, it helps to keep a diary. This way, you can learn what causes your migraines.
How Migraine is Diagnosed
Doctors diagnose migraine by asking about your symptoms and medical history. Usually, no special tests are needed. However, your doctor may do a physical exam to rule out other problems. Sometimes, they may order tests like a brain scan if your symptoms are unusual. For example, if you have sudden, severe headaches or changes in vision, further tests may be needed. Keeping a headache diary can help your doctor make a diagnosis. Write down when your headaches happen, how long they last, and what you were doing before they started. This helps your doctor find patterns and choose the best migraine treatment options for you.
Treatment Options for Migraine
There are many ways to treat migraine. Some people need medicine to stop the pain. Others use medicine to prevent attacks. Your doctor will help you find the right plan. Common migraine treatment options include:
Sometimes, lifestyle changes can also help. For example, regular sleep and healthy eating may reduce attacks. If you need migraine treatment in your area, ask your doctor about local options.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot always prevent migraine, some steps may lower your risk. Try these tips to help manage or prevent migraine attacks:
Because prevention is key, talk to your doctor about other ways to reduce migraine attacks.
When to See a Doctor
Most migraines are not dangerous. However, you should see a doctor if:
Early treatment can help you feel better and prevent future attacks. Therefore, do not wait to seek help if you are worried about your symptoms.
If you have migraine symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for personalized migraine management.